Untuk junior USM-KLE. Draf kamus bahasa tempatan.

Saya mula belajar bahasa tempatan sewaktu saya tahun kedua perubatan. Waktu itu, mencari sumber bacaan untuk menambahkan glosari-glosari bahasa tempatan sangat sukar bagi seorang Melayu seperti saya. Saya mulakan pelajaran saya daripada perkara yang sangat asas; mengenali huruf-huruf bahasa Kanada dan Hindi. Lama juga nak hafal semua huruf-huruf tersebut. Bila da kenal huruf saya belajar membaca dan tatabahasa mereka. Sekarang sudah senang nak mengenal yang mana kata nama, kata kerja dan lain-lain jenis kata dalam sesuatu ayat.

Dalam mempelajari bahasa tempatan di Belgaum ini, saya ada juga angan-angan untuk menghasilkan karya penulisan sendiri untuk memudahkan mereka yang mempunyai Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa ibunda mempelajari bahasa tempatan di sini. Setakat ini, saya ada banyak membuat terjemahan tranliterasi artikel-artikel tempatan seperti artikel-artikel perubatan. Namun, kebanyakannya hanyalah menjadi draf-draf yang bertebaran di atas meja tulis dan di dalam folder-folder komputer sahaja, tidak cukup olahan untuk dikongsi di internet.

Di sini, saya ingin kongsikan draf kamus saya kepada sesiapa yang berminat untuk mempelajari bahasa Hindi dan Kannada. Ini draf saya yang kedua. Tak banyak kata. Kalau minat nak tolong baiki kamus ni, sila lah update kamus ini dengan kata-kata baharu.

Tips:
1. Saya selalunya guna apps/software google translate untuk terjemahan transliterasi dan update kamus ni, tapi taklah sampai copy paste kata daripada google translate membuta tuli. Kena faham maksud sesuatu kata berdasarkan konteks ayat dahulu barulah update kamus ini.
2. Install google sheets apps kat fon pintar bagi memudahkan kerja mengemaskini kamus ini di bila-bila masa. 

Link:

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1h2mKCx7LEBrVfV2K8qjwUtv7UHf7wH90NDscdsXMbVE/edit#gid=506665378

Format history taking.

Apa yang ditulis di bawah ini saya ambil daripada kolej perubatan di tempat saya belajar. Intelek ini bukan lah hak milik saya. Saja saya kongsi kut-kut ada pelajar medik yang boleh ambil faedah daripadanya. Intelek ini tiada cetakan hak milik (no copyrights signatures), dan dijual di sebuah kedai koperasi kat sini. Disebabkan tiada cetakan hak milik padanya, saya pun berani lah nak copy paste letak kat blog ni.

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FORMAT OF MEDICAL CASE SHEET

CHIEF COMPLAINTS AND THEIR INTERROGATION

Symptomatology:

1. General:

i) Fever: Duration.

                Onset Sudden or insidious

                H/O chills and rigors

                Diurnal variation

                H/O sweating

                Type of fever

ii) Oedema: Duration.

                Unilateral/ Bilateral

                Where did it appear first

                Progress

                Painful/ Painless

                Diurnal variation

                Any other

                NB: Bedridden patients may not complain of pedal edema

iii) Pain: Duration

                Onset

                Radiation

                Aggravating factors

                Relieving factors

                Associated symptoms

                Any other

2. Symptoms suggestive of cardio-respiratory disease:

i) Cough: Duration

                Onset sudden or insidious

                Diurnal variation

                Postural variation

                With or without expectoration

                Any special character (if any) eg. Whopping, Bovine, Brassy etc.

                Any other

                Sputum: Quantity /24 hours

                Quality

                Colour

                Odour

                (H/O haemoptysis) Delete from here and make separate

                Any other

ii) Breathlessness: Duration

                Onset Sudden or Insidious

                Severity at the night

                Progress. If exertional, grade the breathlessness.

                Type

-       Orthopnea

-       PND attacks

-       Other unusual eg. Platypnea, trepopnea

                Wheezing

iii) Hemoptysis: Duration

                Frequency

                Character: Rusty sputum/ Streaky sputum/ Frothy sputum/

            Frank blood

                            Amount within 24/hr or each bout

                            Associated symptom

            iv) Palpitation: Duration

                            Onset

                            Progress

                            Regular or irregular

                            How does it subside?

                            Associated symptoms

                            H/O drugs intake/ aggravating factors

                            Any other

            v) Chest pain: As in (1:iii)

NB: Pleuritic chest pain is superficial well localized and worsens on deep breathing, coughing or sneezing. Anginal chest pain is deep, poorly localized and worsen on exertion.

            vi) Fainting attacks: Duration

                            Frequency

                            Position at onset

                            Premonitory symptoms

3) Symptoms suggestive of GIT disease

            i) Vomiting: Duration

                            Frequency/ 24 hours

                            Preceeding nausea/ abdominal pain present/ absent

                            Contents of vomitus

                            Blood in vomitus, appearance – fresh or altered

                            Colour of vomitus

                            Projectile/ non-projective

                            Associated symptoms

                            Any other

            ii) Loose motions: Duration

                            Frequency 24 hours

                            Type of stool Rice water, watery, semisolid etc.,

                            Contents: Worms, undigested food particles etc.,

                            Colour

                            Presence of blood or mucus

                            Any other

            iii) Abdominal pain: As in (1:iii)

            iv) Loss of appetite: Duration

                            Is it for any special type of foods?

                            Associated symptoms

                            Any other

            v) Bleeding per rectum: Duration

                            Amount

                            Relation to defecation

                            H/O melena

            vi) Jaundice: Duration

                            How was it noticed?

                            H/O high coloured urine

                            H/O clay coloured stools or pruritus

                            H/O drug intake

4. Symptoms suggestive of urinary tract disease

            i) Frequency of micturition              Duration

            ii) Pyuria                                            Onset

            iii) Haematuria                                  Associated symptoms

            iv) Burning micturition                    Any other

            v) Flank or renal angle pain

5. Symptoms suggestive of Central Nervous System disease:

            i) Loss of power: Duration

                            Onset

                            Which are the limbs affected

                            Which muslce group - proximal/distal

                            Details of events

                            Progress

                            H/O stiffness

                            H/O thinning of affected limb (wasting)

                            H/O fasiculations or flexor spasms

                            Associated symptoms

                            Any other

            ii) Sensory: Complaints like: Tingling, numbness, pins and needle burning

    of sole and palm etc.

                            Duration

                            Onset

                            Progress: Where did it begin and how did it progress to other

          parts

                            Can patient (appreciate hot or cold water while bathing)?

                            Associated symptoms

                            Any other

            iii) Involuntary movements like tremor, chorea, athetosis hemiballismus

      etc.,

                            Duration

                            Onset

                            Part of body involved

                            Aggravating factors

                            Associated symptoms

                            Any other

            iv) Retention of urine                       Duration

                            Precipitancy:                      Onset

                            Hesitancy:                          Associated symptoms

                            Incontinence:

                            Automatic micturition:

                            Autonomous micturition:

                            Any other

            v) Symptoms like: Tinnitus, giddiness, vertigo, black outs, syncope, drop,

     attack etc.,

                            Duration

                            Onset

                            Frequency

                            Associated symptoms

                            Any other

            vi) H/O seizures or fits

                            Duration

                            Frequency

                            Description of typical attack

                            Focal or general

                            H/O tongue bite, injury, incontinence etc.,

                            Any relation to alcohol, television, menses etc.,

            vii) H/O unconsciousness: Details

            viii) H/O difficulty in speaking

            ix) History suggestive of cranial nerve dysfunction, like visual

      disturbance, diplopia, dysphoria deviation of angle of mouth etc.,

            x) H/O headache (details as in pain)

6. Consumption of poision:

            Time and date

            Name and nature of poison and quantity consumed

            Symptoms developed after consumption of poison

            Time elapsed between consumption of poison and reaching hospital

(stomach wash)

            Purpose of consumption

            Any other

7. Joint pains: Duration

            Joints involved in order

            Morning stiffness

            Associated complaints like swelling of joints, restriction of movements

etc.,

PAST HISTORY

1.     Any history of similar complaints in the past.

2.     Any other major illness like diabetes, hypertension, jaundice, etc.

3.     Previous hospitalization.

4.     Any major operation and/or accidents.

5.     H/O blood transfusions.

6.     Any other

If answer is ‘yes’ give all the details.

PERSONAL HISTORY

            Diet.

            Appetite.

            Sleep.

            Micturition.

            Bowels.

            Habits: Smoking        Quantity

                         Alcohol           Quantity

                         Drugs             Duration

FAMILY HISTORY

1.     Married or not: If married.

a.     Number of issues: Number alive: H/O abortions, pedigree chart

b.     If unmarried: No. of brothers/sisters/health of parents etc.,

2.     H/O heriditary familial disease or infectious disease like Diabetes, hypertension and tuberculosis etc.,

SEXUAL HISTORY

            H/O multiple partner

            H/O visiting commercial sex worker

            Homosexual/Heterosexual/Bisexual

            H/O penile ulcer either present or past

            H/O inguinal swelling, urethral discharge, etc.,

SOCIOECONOMIC HISTORY: